Purpose Current evidence suggests that poor preoperative mental health impacts surgical outcomes, quality of life and recovery of patients undergoing cancer surgery. Thus, there is a need to explore the effectiveness of psychological prehabilitation on improving surgical outcomes and quality of life for patients undergoing cancer surgery. Methodology This systematic review searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, AMED and PsycINFO databases. Randomised controlled trials reporting on the effectiveness of preoperative psychological interventions for patients undergoing cancer surgery were included. Primary outcome included postoperative complication and length of hospital stay. Results The initial search identified 111 trials. Of the 111 trials, only 16 (<15%) included psychological prehabilitation. The 16 trials were reported across six different cancer populations, mostly including lung (n = 6) and colorectal (n = 6) cancers. Of the 16 trials, eight (50%) included relaxation techniques, seven (44%) deep breathing, five (31%) psychological education, four (25%) counselling referral, two (12%) personalized coping strategies, one (6%) group cognitive behavioural therapy and one (6%) hypnosis. Most trials (n = 9, 56%) had a prehabilitation duration of greater than 4 weeks, two trials (13%) were 2-4 weeks and five (31%) trials less than 2 weeks. Conclusions The findings of this systematic review convey firstly, the lack of psychological prehabilitation within the literature and secondly, the substantial heterogeneity across trials, strongly suggesting a lack of consensus surrounding intervention type, duration, outcome measures and reporting of adherence of psychological prehabilitation.