The purpose of this paper is to capture the narratives of landmark cases that have played a pivotal role in shaping the landscape of general surgery. From ground-breaking organ transplants to innovations in minimally invasive procedures, these cases help us understand the foundation of modern procedures and the progression of the surgical faculty. Spotlighting these cases not only reflects the surgical prowess of these individuals but reflects the evolution of medical sciences and its impact on modern practice. Highlighted within this presentation is the work of Dr Joseph Murray, who, in 1954, conducted the first successful kidney transplantation, where Ronald Herrick gifted an extra 8 years of life to identical twin brother, Richard. This case marked a watershed moment, fostering a burgeoning era of organ transplantation and paving the way for subsequent life-saving procedures. The presentation further explores the realm of minimally invasive surgery, with a focus on the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1987, attributed to the efforts of Dr Erich Mühe and Dr Philippe Mouret. This was subsequently performed in Australia for the first time in 1990 at Austin Hospital. These cases revolutionised management of gallbladder pathology and laid the foundation to the broader acceptance of laparoscopic surgery. Finally, this presentation examines Dr Michael Gagner, who introduced laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the early 2000s, based on the earlier work of Dr Doug Hess. This technique emerged as an effective and less invasive surgical option for weight loss in obese patients. These techniques continue today; however, this review explores the impact of pharmaceutical bariatric options and its impact on surgical management.