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Institution: The University of Auckland - Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
Background: The primary objective was to determine if changing a patient's preoperative Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification influences early functional outcomes after robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients undergoing primary robotic-assisted TKA. Standardized pre- and postoperative long-leg radiographs were obtained. Two reviewers independently measured lateral distal femoral and medial proximal tibial angles (LDFA and MPTA), and a third blinded reviewer resolved any outliers. Pre- and postoperative CPAK classification was calculated by determining the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle and joint line obliquity. Validated functional outcomes were assessed using the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) at preoperative baseline, and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively.
Results: 201 patients were included in the study. Of these, 28.4% were CPAK 1, 26.4% CPAK 2 and 16.9% CPAK 3 preoperatively, while 32.8% were classified CPAK 5, 29% CPAK 4, and 22% CPAK 2 postoperatively. Postoperatively, 23% of patients remained in the same preoperative CPAK classification, while 68% moved one CPAK score and 9.5% moved two. There were no differences when the change in OKS at each time point were compared between patients that moved 0, 1, or 2 CPAK scores. Improved OKS at 12 weeks was seen among patients with lower changes in their LDFA postoperatively when compared to preoperative OKS (r2=0.05, p=0.23).
Conclusions: Coronal alignment can be shifted by one CPAK classification without an impact on early functional outcomes. However, increased changes in femoral component coronal alignment appear to negatively influence early functional outcomes after primary TKA.
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Dr Faseeh Zaidi - , Dr Craig Goplen - , Dr Scott Bolam - , Dr Joshua Petterwood - , Assoc Prof Paul Monk -