Hydrogen peroxide has had a profound and enduring role in surgical procedures throughout history. Its use as a disinfectant and wound cleanser dates back centuries, with early civilizations recognizing its potential for sanitization. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Greeks, employed natural substances with similar properties to hydrogen peroxide, such as honey and vinegar, for wound cleansing and preservation. The concept of using substances with antimicrobial properties laid the foundation for the eventual discovery of hydrogen peroxide. The 19th century witnessed the formal discovery and understanding of hydrogen peroxide's properties. French chemist Louis Jacques Thénard is credited with isolating and characterizing hydrogen peroxide in 1818. Soon after, its antiseptic properties were acknowledged, leading to its application in medicine. Surgeons began utilizing hydrogen peroxide solutions to disinfect wounds and surgical tools, significantly reducing the incidence of infections in surgical settings. The early 20th century saw widespread adoption of hydrogen peroxide in surgical practices, particularly during World War I when it was used to treat infected wounds in soldiers. Its effectiveness in combating infections and its ability to aid in wound healing solidified its place in modern surgery. Hydrogen peroxide remains a staple in surgical settings, owing to its versatile disinfectant properties and ability to assist in wound management. Continued research seeks to optimize its application, ensuring its efficacy while mitigating potential adverse effects, thereby upholding its crucial role in the evolution of surgical procedures.