Background: There is concern around projected unmet need in the surgical workforce internationally. Current barriers to medical students pursuing surgical careers include lack of early exposure, low confidence in surgical skills, and perceived lifestyle barriers. This review examined the purpose of student surgical interest groups(SIGs) globally, and their effect on metrics representing student surgical career interest. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for papers analysing surgical interest group purpose and efficacy. Risk of bias was assessed for survey-based papers using a 20-point checklist. Descriptive analysis was performed based on qualitative data. Results: Twenty-eight papers were included in the analysis including 13 surveys. These were of moderate quality. The analysed SIGs had 100–1000 student members and a diverse range of funding sources. Purpose of SIGs was described by 26 of 28 papers with common themes including promotion of surgical career choice and developing theoretical/practical surgical skills. Common initiatives of SIGs included surgical lectures/teaching and practical skills workshops. Data from 15 papers analysing efficacy of SIGs suggested they positively influenced self-reported student interest in surgical careers (78.6%) and confidence in surgical knowledge (80%), as well as confidence in practical skills, knowledge about surgical careers/lifestyle, and research involvement. Conclusion: Student SIGs make a unique contribution to early medical student experience through positive effect on promoting surgical careers. They target relevant metrics such as surgical knowledge and confidence that influence surgical career choice in the modern surgical landscape.