Health and safety concerns in the operative theatre often relate to the patient and ignore the repetitive nature of health workers and the risks to their physical well being if issues such as ergonomics are ignored. Addressing physical ergonomics when operating prevents musculoskeletal injuries, enhances safety in the short and long term and improves potential sources of fatigue that can lead to adverse outcomes. From the positioning of equipment to ergonomic instruments to preoperative warmups, a review of the literature and current Occupational Health and Safety recommendations will be presented in detail. By incorporating evidence-based insights, the impact of ergonomic interventions on the reduction of musculoskeletal injuries, fatigue, and overall stress levels among surgical personnel. It also explores emerging technologies and innovative solutions designed to optimize ergonomics in the modern operating room.