The Renaissance era witnessed unprecedented advancements in surgical practices and laid the foundations for the Age of Enlightenment. The developments in surgery during the Renaissance will be further explored, emphasizing the influential role of key figures who shaped the landscape of medical knowledge and practice.  Commencing with the revival of anatomical studies, the Renaissance marked a departure from the dogmas of the past. Visionaries like Andreas Vesalius challenged traditional beliefs, laying the groundwork for a more accurate understanding of human anatomy. This newfound knowledge significantly influenced surgical techniques and paved the way for innovative approaches by Ambroise Paré, who revolutionized wound care and prosthetics, and Gaspare Tagliacozzi, a pioneer in the field of plastic surgery and grafting. The advent of printing facilitated the dissemination of medical knowledge, enabling collaboration and the sharing of surgical techniques across borders.  The history of the renaissance era and its relation to surgery will be further discussed by highlighting the contributions of key figures, it aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment laid the groundwork for the modern practice of surgery, emphasizing the enduring impact of this pivotal era on medical progress.