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RACS ASC 2024

Necrotising Soft Tissue Infection Without Penetrating Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review

Poster

Presentation Description

Institution: Royal Adelaide Hospital - SA, Australia

Necrotising soft tissue infections (NTSI), including necrotising fasciitis and myositis, are life threating infections characterised by rapid tissue destruction, systemic toxicity and a high mortality rate. Although commonly thought to be the result of direct bacterial inoculation via penetrating injury, NTSIs have also been associated with bacterial seeding to areas affected by blunt trauma. Multiple case series exist in the literature describing blunt trauma as a risk factor for Group A Streptococcal (GAS) NTSI, with no known portal of entry being identified in up to half of all cases of GAS myonecrosis. The responsible pathophysiological mechanism for this phenomenon involves haematological seeding of GAS to a site of prior muscle trauma, with binding of the pathogen facilitated by the primary skeletal muscle surface protein, vimentin. Vimentin, which is upregulated on the surface of injured muscle tissue, has been shown to promote GAS binding to skeletal muscle, predisposing to necrotising infection. We present one cases from the Royal Adelaide Hospital in which NTSI developed in an area of preceding muscle strain in the absence of open trauma. The patient was known to have concurrent streptococcal pharyngitis. This case series and associated literature review will explore link between blunt trauma, vimentin expression and consequent necrotising infection.

Speakers

Authors

Authors

Dr Anton Alvaro - , A/Prof Marcus Wagstaff -