Purpose: Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) are appealing for clinical use due to their abundance and minimal donor-site morbidity. ADSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including Schwann-cells, crucial for nerve regeneration. Their paracrine secretome is rich in neurotrophic factors that support nerve growth and repair. Peripheral nerve regeneration and neuropathic pain present a major challenge, contributing greatly to morbidity. The ability to accelerate nerve regeneration, maintain motor endplates of denervated muscle and treat neuropathic pain has eluded any break-through progress in the last century. Direct repair is gold-standard, grafting and nerve-transfers have attempted to overcome large nerve gaps, but have limitations in chronic injuries. Early research shows that ADSCs enhance nerve regeneration in animal models. When introduced to injured sites, ADSCs can promote axonal growth, myelination and improve functional recovery. Method: We conducted a literature review using the search terms “Adipose Derived Stem Cells” and “Peripheral nerve regeneration” or “neuroma” or “neuropathic pain” Results: In-vitro and in-vivo studies have found ADSCs used in various nerve injury models resulting in improved conduction velocities, increased nerve fibre density and better motor function recovery compared to controls. ADSCs can be differentiated to overexpress neurotrophic growth factors, enhancing their therapeutic potential as well as exerting immunomodulatory properties - reducing inflammation. Conclusion: ADSCs present a promising avenue for peripheral nerve repair and in management of symptomatic neuromas. More research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms and to optimise delivery to injury sites.