Dunedin, a small town on the South Island of Aotearoa has had an outsized impact on the development of modern-day Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Remarkably, both Sir Harold Gillies and Sir Archibold McIndoe were born in this small town. Furthermore, Dr Arthur Rainsford Mowlem study with Sir McIndoe at the Otago Medical School of Dunedin. Here is some of the contributions three-quarters of the “big-four” Plastic Surgeons of England made in the post-war era following World War I. Sir Harold Gillies - Pioneer of Modern Plastic Surgery - World War I established specialised treating units for soilders with complex facial injuries and those requiring reconstruction - Tubed pedicled technique - Complex facial reconstruction - Foundations of Plastic Surgery and training of Future Surgeons Sir Archibold McIndoe - Burns treatment - Incorporation of physical rehabilitation in burns management - Pioneer in psychological well-being of patients - Formed the Guinea Pig Club Dr Rainsford Mowlem - Early trials of bone grafting - Involved in early trials of penicillin - Pin fixation of mandible fractures - Fourth president of the British Association of Plastic Surgeons in 1950 Surgical principles and specifically the practice of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery along with patients over the following century have significantly benefited from their individual contributions to surgery. Proving something special is in the water in Dunedin.