Purpose The 2015 ATA guidelines state hemithyroidectomy alone can be performed for low-risk thyroid cancers. We explored if patients with different subtypes, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), are treated with hemithyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) at the same rate. Methodology Patients with low-risk PTC and FTC (<4cm) were recruited from Australia & New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry (2017-2023). Patients with lateral neck or distant metastasis were excluded. The rate of hemithyroidectomy, completion thyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy and RAI were compared. Multivariate analyses determined the association between clinicopathological features and treatments. Results Of 2136 patients (74% Female; mean age 51; 90% PTC; 10% FTC), 630 (29%) received hemithyroidectomy alone, 1188 (56%) total thyroidectomy and 318 (15%) hemithyroidectomy then completion. The rates of initial hemithyroidectomy were similar between FTC and PTC patients, but FTC patients were 1.7x more likely to undergo completion (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.69, 95% CI 1.29-2.21; p<0.001). For patients treated with total or completion thyroidectomy, PTC patients were more likely to receive RAI (aRR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.20 p=0.001). When given, RAI dosages were similar. Higher RAI dose was associated with males (p<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001) and lymph-node metastasis (p<0.001). Conclusion FTC patients were more likely to undergo completion thyroidectomy than PTC patients. However, the completion did not seem to be for the purpose of RAI, as patients with PTC were more likely to receive RAI. Other factors, such as postoperative thyroglobulin or lymph-node metastasis may affect decisions.