Aim Thyroid surgery within modern medicine is a common procedure performed by trained surgeons and utilised to treat malignancy, benign disease and hormonal disorders relating to the thyroid. Using publicly available Australian Medical Benefits Scheme (MBS) data from 2000 to 2022 this study aims to determine differing rates of thyroid surgeries at a population level nationally and if changes are consistent across genders, age groups and states or territories. Methods Publicly available Australian MBS data was collated using the service items: 1) 30296 – Thyroidectomy; 2) 30306 – Total hemithyroidectomy; 3) 30310 – Partial or subtotal thyroidectomy and 4) 30297 - Thyroidectomy completion. Incidence rates per 100 000 of population were calculated for reported population strata using ABS population estimates as the denominator for the given year. Results During the study period there was a total of 56242 patients who underwent a hemithyroidectomy, 51010 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, along with 4423 and 11355 patients who underwent a partial/subtotal thyroidectomy or completion thyroidectomy respectively. Hemithyroidectomy rates increased over this time from 7.92 in 2000 to 12.39 in 2022. The highest mean incidence across all surgeries was seen in the greater then 65 years old age group for both male and females. Conclusion There has been an increase in hemithyroidectomy rates nationally from 2000 to 2022. Modern guidelines advocating for more conservative degrees of surgical resection along with an evolving patient centred approach considering multiple factors may reflect the changes in rates seen in this study.