Introduction: This year marks the 100th year anniversary of Friedrich Trendelenburg’s death (1844–1924) as one of the founders of modern anaesthesia. The German surgeon described the first endotracheal anaesthetic in man in the early 1870s, thereafter revolutionising anaesthesia and surgery for the next 150 years.1 Report: Although tracheotomy has been described as early as 2000BC, in modern medicine this was largely reserved as a life saving measure – particularly in cases of diphtheria as Trousseau described.1 It was not until 1871 that Trendelenburg used this method to secure a safe airway to administer an anaesthetic. Nine years later in 1880 William Macewen performed the first endotracheal intubation whilst excising a tumour at the base of tongue, avoiding aspiration of blood by isolating the trachea and packing the hypopharynx.2 The turn of the century then marked the initial stages of routine preoperative orotracheal intubation for ventilation during general aneasthesia. Franz Kuhn was the first to describe this, initially blindly passing endotracheal tubes into the larynx until 1913 when the first anaesthetic laryngoscope was invented by Jackson then modified by Magill.1 This report discusses major individuals and developments in modern anaesthesia at an important milestone in its history. References: 1. Ezri T, Evron S, Hadad H, Roth Y. [Tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation: a short history]. Harefuah. 2005 Dec;144(12):891-3, 908. Hebrew. PMID: 16400793. 2. Luckhaupt H, Brusis T. Zur Geschichte der Intubation [History of intubation]. Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1986 Sep;65(9):506-10. German. PMID: 3537595.